Kusavimbika kwechiyero uye kukanganisa zvirevo zvakakosha zvakadzidzwa mumetrology, uye zvakare imwe yemafungiro akakosha anowanzo shandiswa nevaongorori ve metrology.Iyo yakanangana nekuvimbika kwemhedzisiro yekuyera uye kurongeka uye kuenderana kwekukosha kwekutapurirana.Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringa nyore nyore kana kushandisa zvisizvo zviviri izvi nekuda kwemafungiro asina kujeka.Ichi chinyorwa chinosanganisa chiitiko chekudzidza "Kuongorora uye Kuratidzira Kwekuyerwa Kusavimbika" kutarisa pamusiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi.Chinhu chekutanga kuve chakajeka mutsauko wepfungwa pakati pekuyera kusava nechokwadi uye kukanganisa.
Kusavimbika kwekuyerwa kunoratidza kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwehukoshi umo kukosha kwechokwadi kwehukoshi hwakayerwa huripo.Inopa nguva iyo ukoshi hwechokwadi hunogona kuwira maererano neimwe mukana wekuvimba.Inogona kunge iri kutsauswa kwakajairwa kana kuwanda kwayo, kana hafu-yakafara yenguva inoratidza danho rekuvimba.Haisi mhosho yechokwadi chaiyo, inongoratidza muhuwandu chikamu chemhosho yemhando isingagone kugadziriswa nenzira yemaparamita.Inotorwa kubva mukugadziriswa kusina kukwana kwemigumisiro yetsaona uye yakarongeka migumisiro, uye inopararira parameter inoshandiswa kuratidza maitiro akayerwa akagoverwa zvine musoro.Kusavimbika kwakakamurwa kuva mhando mbiri dzezvikamu zvekuongorora, A uye B, zvinoenderana nenzira yekuzviwana.Rudzi rweA Assessment chikamu ongororo yekusavimbika yakaitwa kuburikidza nenhamba yekuongorora yekutarisa akatevedzana, uye mhando B yekuongorora chikamu inofungidzirwa zvichibva pane zvakaitika kana rumwe ruzivo, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane kusavimbika kwechikamu chinomiririrwa neinoda "standard kutsauka".
Kazhinji, kukanganisa kunoreva kukanganisa kuyerwa, uye tsananguro yechinyakare ndiyo mutsauko uripo pakati pechipimo chemugumisiro uye kukosha kwechokwadi kwehuwandu hwakayerwa.Kazhinji inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: kukanganisa kwakarongeka uye kukanganisa kwetsaona.Chikanganiso chiripo chine chinangwa, uye chinofanira kuva cheukoshi chaihwo, asi sezvo ukoshi hwechokwadi husingazikanwi kazhinji kazhinji, mhosho yechokwadi haigoni kuzivikanwa nenzira yakarurama.Isu tinongotsvaga yakanakisa fungidziro yehukoshi hwechokwadi mune mamwe mamiriro, uye toidana iyo yakajairwa chokwadi kukosha.
Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kweiyo pfungwa, tinogona kuona kuti pane kunyanya kunotevera misiyano pakati pekuyera kusavimbika uye kuyerwa kukanganisa:
1. Kusiyana kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora:
Kusavimbika kwechiyero kunoitirwa kuratidza kupararira kwekuyerwa ukoshi;
Chinangwa chekuyera kukanganisa ndechekuratidza mwero wekuti kuyerwa kwabuda kubva paukoshi hwechokwadi.
2. Musiyano pakati pemhedzisiro yekuongorora:
Kusavimbika kwechiyero chinhu chisina kusaina chiratidziro chinoratidzwa nekutsauka kwakajairwa kana kuwanda kwekutsauka kwakajairwa kana hafu-yakafara yenguva yekuvimba.Inoongororwa nevanhu zvichienderana neruzivo rwakadai seyedzero, data, uye ruzivo.Inogona kuve yakatemwa nemhando mbiri dzekuongorora nzira, A uye B.;
Iko kuyerwa kukanganisa kukosha nechiratidzo chakanaka kana chakaipa.Hukoshi hwayo ndiwo mugumisiro wekuyera kubvisa kukosha kwechokwadi kwakayerwa.Sezvo kukosha kwechokwadi kusingazivikanwi, hakugoni kuwanwa zvakarurama.Kana kukosha kwechokwadi kwakajairika kuchishandiswa pachinzvimbo cheukoshi hwechokwadi, mutengo unofungidzirwa chete unogona kuwanikwa.
3. Musiyano wezvinhu zvinofurira:
Kusavimbika kwechiyero kunowanikwa nevanhu kuburikidza nekuongorora uye kuongorora, saka zvine chekuita nekunzwisisa kwevanhu kweyero, kupesvedzera huwandu uye kuyerwa maitiro;
Zvikanganiso zvekuyera zviripo zvine chinangwa, hazvikanganisike nezvinhu zvekunze, uye hazvishanduke nekunzwisisa kwevanhu;
Nokudaro, kana uchiita kuongorora kusava nechokwadi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokurudzira zvinofanira kutariswa zvakakwana, uye kuongororwa kwekusava nechokwadi kunofanira kusimbiswa.Zvikasadaro, nekuda kwekusakwana kwekuongorora uye fungidziro, kusavimbika kunofungidzirwa kungave kwakakura kana chiyero chechiyero chiri pedyo zvakanyanya neukoshi hwechokwadi (kureva kuti, kukanganisa kudiki), kana kusavimbika kwakapihwa kungave kudiki kwazvo kana chikanganiso chekuyera chiri chaicho. hombe.
4. Kusiyana nemasikirwo:
Kazhinji hazvidikanwi kusiyanisa zvimiro zvekuyera kusava nechokwadi uye kusava nechokwadi zvikamu.Kana ivo vachida kusiyaniswa, vanofanirwa kuratidzwa se: "kusava nechokwadi zvikamu zvinounzwa nemhedzisiro" uye "kusava nechokwadi zvikamu zvinounzwa nemaitiro ehurongwa";
Zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikanganiso zvisina tsarukano uye zvikanganiso zvakarongeka zvinoenderana nemidziyo yavo.Netsanangudzo, zvese zvikanganiso zvisina tsarukano uye kukanganisa kwakarongeka pfungwa dzakakodzera muchiitiko chezviyero zvisingaperi.
5. Musiyano uripo pakati pekugadziriswa kwezviyero zvinoguma:
Izwi rekuti "kusava nechokwadi" pacharo rinoreva kukosha kunofungidzirwa.Izvo hazvireve kune chaiyo uye chaiyo kukanganisa kukosha.Kunyangwe inogona kufungidzirwa, haigone kushandiswa kugadzirisa kukosha.Kusava nechokwadi kwakaunzwa nekugadzirisa kusina kukwana kunogona kungotariswa mukusava nechokwadi kwemigumisiro yekuyera yakagadziriswa.
Kana iyo inofungidzirwa kukosha kwekukanganisa kwehurongwa ichizivikanwa, mhedzisiro yekuyera inogona kugadziriswa kuti iwane yakagadziriswa kuyerwa mhedzisiro.
Mushure mokunge hukuru hwagadziriswa, hunogona kunge huri pedyo nekukosha kwechokwadi, asi kusava nechokwadi kwayo hakusi kungoderera chete, asi dzimwe nguva kunowedzera.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hatigone kunyatsoziva kuti kukosha kwechokwadi kwakadii, asi tinogona kungofungidzira mwero wekuti mibairo yekuyera iri pedyo kana kure nekukosha kwechokwadi.
Kunyangwe kuyerwa kusava nechokwadi uye kukanganisa zvine misiyano iri pamusoro, ichiri hukama hwepedyo.Pfungwa yekusavimbika ndiyo mashandisirwo nekuwedzera kwedzidziso yekukanganisa, uye kuongororwa kwemhosho ichiri hwaro hwekufungidzira hwekuyera kuyerwa kusava nechokwadi, kunyanya kana uchifungidzira B-mhando yezvikamu, kuongororwa kukanganisa hakuparadzaniswe.Semuenzaniso, maitiro ezviridzwa zvekuyera zvinogona kutsanangurwa maererano nepamusoro-soro inobvumirwa kukanganisa, kukanganisa kwechiratidzo, nezvimwewo. Mutengo wepakati wekukanganisa kunobvumirwa kwechiyereso chinotsanangurwa muhutano hwehutano uye mitemo inonzi "maximum inobvumirwa kukanganisa" kana "inobvumirwa kukanganisa kukanganisa".Ndiko kubvumidzwa kwemhando yechiratidzo chikanganiso chakatsanangurwa nemugadziri kune imwe mhando yechiridzwa, kwete kukanganisa chaiko kwechimwe chiridzwa.Kukanganisa kukuru kunobvumirwa kwechiyereso chinogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rekushandisa, uye rinoratidzwa nechiratidzo chekuwedzera kana minus painoratidzirwa seukoshi hwenhamba, kazhinji inoratidzirwa mukukanganisa kwakakwana, kukanganisa kwehukama, kukanganisa kwereferensi kana musanganiswa wazvo.Semuenzaniso ± 0.1PV, ± 1%, nezvimwe. Iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kukanganisa kwechiyereso chekuyeresa haisi iyo yekuyera kusava nechokwadi, asi inogona kushandiswa sehwaro hwekuongororwa kwechiyero chekusava nechokwadi.Kusava nechokwadi kwakaunzwa nemudziyo wekuyeresa mumugumisiro wekuyera kunogona kuongororwa maererano nepamusoro-soro inobvumirwa kukanganisa kwechiridzwa maererano neB-mhando yekuongorora nzira.Mumwe muenzaniso musiyano uripo pakati pehukoshi hwechiratidzo chemudziyo wekuyeresa uye kukosha kwechokwadi kwakabvumiranwa kweinopindirana, inova chiratidzo chikanganiso chemudziyo wekuyeresa.Kune maturusi ekuyeresa emuviri, kukosha kwakaratidzwa ndiko kukosha kwayo kwezita.Kazhinji, kukosha kwakapihwa kana kuburitswa nechiyero chechiyero chepamusoro-chepamusoro chinoshandiswa sehukoshi hwechokwadi hwakabvumiranwa (hunowanzonzi calibration value kana kukosha kwakajairika).Mubasa rekuona, kana kusavimbika kwakawedzera kweiyo chiyero chakapihwa nechiyero chechiyero chiri 1/3 kusvika 1/10 yekukanganisa kukuru kunobvumidzwa kwechiridzwa chakaedzwa, uye chikanganiso chechiratidzo chechiridzwa chakaedzwa chiri mukati meiyo yakatemwa inobvumidzwa. kukanganisa, inogona kunzi inokwanisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-10-2023
